In the lower atmosphere, oxygen is converted to ozone (O3) by the energy provided from lightning.
3O2(g) + heat ⇄ 2O3(g)
For each of the following changes at equilibrium, indicate whether the equilibrium shifts in the direction of products, reactants, or does not change:
a. add more O2(g)
b. add more O3(g)
c. increase the temperature
d. increase the volume of the container
e. add a catalyst
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