Analogy and homology are important concepts used in comparing species. Traits are homologous if they are derived, evolutionarily and developmentally, from the same source structure. Traits are analogous if they have similar functions but are derived, evolutionarily and developmentally, from different source structures. A classic example of analogous structures is insect wings and bat wings. Which of the following pairs of structures are analogous and which are homologous?
a. The dorsal fins of a porpoise and a salmon
b. The flippers of a porpoise and the pectoral fins (front fins) of a salmon
c. The jointed leg of a ladybird beetle and a robin
d. A rhesus monkey’s tail and a human’s coccyx
e. The bright red bracts (modified leaves) of a poinsettia and the green leaves of a rose
f. Red bracts on a poinsettia and red petals on a rose
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