See problems 31 and 32 for information about the UN Security Council. Problems 31 and 3...

See problems 31 and 32 for information about the UN Security Council.

Problems 31 and 32:

The Security Council is a branch of the United Nations that is in charge of maintaining international peace and security. The Security Council is made up of five permanent member countries: the United States, China, France, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation. It also includes 10 countries elected for 2-year terms. On January 1, 2002, the 2-year terms began for Guinea, Mexico, Syrian Arab Republic, Bulgaria, and Cameroon. On January 1, 2003, the 2-year terms began for Angola, Chile, Germany, Pakistan, and Spain. When voting, every member has one vote, but in order for a resolution to pass, all five permanent members, as well as at least four of the elected members, must vote in favor of the resolution. If one permanent member votes against a resolution, then the resolution will not pass.

31. a. In 1997, a resolution to demand a halt to the construction of a new housing settlement in the Jabal Abu Ghneim area of East Jerusalem was put to a vote by the Security Council. There were 13 votes in favor, 1 vote against (made by the United States) and 1 abstention. Did the resolution pass or fail?

b. Suppose that only Pakistan, Germany, and Mexico vote against a resolution. Would the resolution pass or fail?

32. a. In 1997, the Security Council voted on a resolution involving a cease-fire in Guatemala. There were 14 votes in favor, 1 vote against (made by China) and 0 abstentions. Did the resolution pass or fail?

b. Suppose only Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Angola, Spain, Pakistan, and Guinea vote against a resolution. Would this resolution pass or fail?

a. In order to calculate the Banzhaf power index for each of the UN Security Council members, the total number of winning coalitions must be determined. This requires some special counting techniques covered in Chapter 10. Remember that all five permanent members must be a part of every winning coalition. Examine the following table and look for a pattern in the calculations. Use that pattern to complete the table.

b. In how many winning coalitions is any single elected member critical?

c. In how many winning coalitions is the United States a critical voter? How would you answer this question for each of the other four permanent members?

d. In how many winning coalitions is each elected member a critical voter?

e. Find the total Banzhaf power in the system and the Banzhaf power index for each member.