(a) The root cells of plants contain a solution that is hypertonic in relation to water in the soil. Thus, water can move into the roots by osmosis. Explain why salts such as NaCl and CaCl2 spread on roads to melt ice can be harmful to nearby trees, (b) Just before urine leaves the human body, the collecting ducts in the kidney (which contain the urine) pass through a fluid whose salt concentration is considerably greater than is found in the blood and tissues. Explain how this action helps conserve water in the body.
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