Ethnicity and pain perception. An investigation of ethnic differences in reports of pain perception was presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society (March 2001). A sample of 55 blacks and 159 whites participated in the study. Subjects rated (on a 13-point scale) the intensity and unpleasantness of pain felt when a bag of ice was placed on their foreheads for two minutes. (Higher ratings correspond to higher pain intensity.) A summary of the results is provided in the following table:
| Blacks | Whites
|
Sample size | 55 | 159
|
Mean pain intensity | 8.2 | 6.9
|
a. Why is it dangerous to draw a statistical inference from the summarized data? Explain.
b. Give values of the missing sample standard deviations that would lead you to conclude (at α = .05 ) that blacks, on average, have a higher pain intensity rating than whites.
c. Give values of the missing sample standard deviations that would lead you to an inconclusive decision (at α = .05 ) regarding whether blacks or whites have a higher mean intensity rating.
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