The file PENSION.RAW contains information on participant-directed pension plans for U.S. w...

The file PENSION.RAW contains information on participant-directed pension plans for U.S. workers. Some of the observations are for couples within the same family, so this data set constitutes a small cluster sample (with cluster sizes of two).

(i) Ignoring the clustering by family, use OLS to estimate the model

where the variables are defined in the data set. The variable of most interest is choice, which is a dummy variable equal to one if the worker has a choice in how to allocate pension funds among different investments. What is the estimated effect of choice? Is it statistically significant?

(ii) Are the income, wealth, stock holding, and IRA holding control variables important? Explain.

(iii) Determine how many different families there are in the data set.

(iv) Now, obtain the standard errors for OLS that are robust to cluster correlation within a family. Do they differ much from the usual OLS standard errors? Are you surprised?

(v) Estimate the equation by differencing across only the spouses within a family. Why do the explanatory variables asked about in part (ii) drop out in the first-differenced estimation?

(vi) Are any of the remaining explanatory variables in part (v) significant? Are you surprised?