Organizing and maintaining a database are more complicated than organizing and maintaining independent files because a database provides more data retrieval functions and performs more operations. A DBMS may have three different types of languages associated with its use: a data manipulation language (DML), a data definition language (DDL), and a data query language (DQL). For each of the illustrations below, indicate which of these three languages would probably be used.
a. A programmer writes a COBOL program to update inventory records that are stored in the database.
b. The database administrator (DBA) documents the content and structure of the database.
c. A sales manager requests an ad hoc report on sales of a certain product over the past month.
d. The field for customer address in the accounts receivable segment of the database is expanded to allow for a 10-digit ZIP code.
e. The payroll manager requests a special report detailing those employees in the database who have college degrees.
f. A programmer writes a COBOL program to prepare payroll checks for employees whose personnel records are stored in the database.
g. A new field is added to employee personnel records in the database to allow for a new payroll deduction for health benefits.
h. A programmer writes a COBOL program to update accounts receivable records that are stored in the database.
i. The credit manager requests a special report detailing those customers in the database who have purchased more than $25,000 worth of goods in the past 3 months.
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