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• Yukawa’s theory of the strong nuclear force requires that a nucleon be able to emit a virtual pion, N → N + π. Explain why the pion spin, sπ, must be an integer. [Hint: The time–energy uncertainty relation allows the nonconservation of energy in this virtual process, but the same is not true of angular momentum; that is, total angular momentum is always conserved, even in virtual processes.]
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