Water flowing from a pipe or a tank is acted upon by gravity and follows a curved trajec...

Water flowing from a pipe or a tank is acted upon by gravity and follows a curved trajectory as shown in Fig. P3.30 and Videos V3.9 and V4.7. A simple flowmeter can be constructed as shown in Fig P3.30. A point gage mounted a distance L from the end of the horizontal pipe is adjusted to indicate that the top of the water stream is distance x below the outlet of the pipe. Show that the flowrate from this pipe of diameter D is given by