Rutherford’s Planetary Model of the Atom In 1911, Ernest Rutherford developed a planetary model of the atom, in which a small positively charged nucleus is orbited by electrons. The model was motivated by an experiment carried out by Rutherford and his graduate students, Geiger and Marsden. In tIn s experiment, they fired alpha particles with an initial speed of 1.75 × 107 m/s at a tIn n sheet of gold. (Alpha particles are obtained from certain radioactive decays. They have a charge of +2e and a mass of 6.64 × 10–27 kg.) Flow close can the alpha particles get to a gold nucleus (charge = +79e), assuming the nucleus remains stationary? (This calculation sets an upper limit on the size of the gold nucleus. See Chapter 31 for further details.)
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