von Neumann’s neighborhood Consider the algorithm that starts with a single square and o...

von Neumann’s neighborhood Consider the algorithm that starts with a single square and on each of its n iterations adds new squares all around the outside. How many one-by-one squares are there after n iterations? [Gar99] (In the parlance of cellular automata theory, the answer is the number of cells in the von Neumann neighborhood of range n.) The results for n = 0, 1, and 2 are illustrated below.