A horse is pulling a carriage. According to Newton’s third law, the force exerted by the horse on the carriage is the same in magnitude as but points in the opposite direction of the force exerted by the carriage on the horse. How are the horse and carriage able to move forward?
(a) The horse is stronger.
(b) The total force exerted on the carriage is the sum of the forces exerted by the horse and the ground’s surface in the horizontal direction.
(c) The net force on the horse is the sum of the ground’s static friction force on its hooves and the force exerted by the carriage. (d) Both b and c are correct.
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