When salmon head upstream  to spawn, they often must make their way up a waterfall. If the...

When salmon head upstream  to spawn, they often must make their way up a waterfall. If the water is not moving too fast, the salmon can swim right up through the falling water. If the water is falling with too great a speed, the salmon jump out of the water to get to a place  ill the waterfall where the water is not falling so fast. When humans build dams that interrupt the usual route followed by the salmon, artificial fish ladders must also be built to allow the salmon to get back uphill to the spawning area. These fish ladders consist of a series of small waterfalls with still pools of water in between them (see the figure). Assume that the water is at rest in the pools at the top and bottom of one "rung" of the fish ladder, that water falls straight down from one pool to the next, and that salmon can swim at 5.0 m/s with respect to the water. (a) What is the maximum height of a waterfall up which the salmon can swim without having to jump? (b) If a waterfall is 1.5 m high, how high must the salmon jump to get to water through which it can swim? Assume that they jump straight up. (c) What initial speed must a salmon have to jump the height found in part (b)? (d) For a 1.0-m-high waterfall, how fast will the salmon be swimming with respect to the ground when it starts swimming up the waterfall?