Problem

When completing the square to find the center and radius of a circle, we sometimes encount...

When completing the square to find the center and radius of a circle, we sometimes encounter a value for r2 that is negative or zero. These are called degenerate cases. If r2 < 0, no circle is possible, while if r2 = 0, the “graph” of the circle is simply the point (h, k). Find the center and radius of the following circles (if possible).

a. x2 + y2 − 12x + 4y + 40 = 0

b. x2 + y2 − 2x − 8y − 8 = 0

c. x2 + y2 − 6x − 10y + 35 = 0

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