Hopper and Seeman (1994) studied the relationship between bone density and smoking among 41 pairs of middle-aged female twins. In each pair, one twin was a lighter smoker and one a heavier smoker, as measured by pack-years, the number of packages of cigarettes consumed in a year. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine, the femoral (hip) neck, and the femoral shaft. As well as smoking, other variables, such as alcohol consumption and tea and coffee consumption, were recorded. The data are contained in the file bonden and documentation is in the file bonedendoc. Use graphical methods to compare bone densities of the heavy and light smoking twins. Do any of the other variables bear a relationship to bone density? After completing your analysis, you may wish to compare your conclusions to those in the paper.
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