In this hands-on project, you view characteristics of processes using the ps command. 1...

In this hands-on project, you view characteristics of processes using the ps command.

1. Turn on your computer. After your Linux system has loaded, switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of secret.

2. At the command prompt, type ps –ef | more and press Enter to view the first processes started on the entire Linux system.

3. Fill in the following information from the data displayed on the terminal screen after typing the command:

a. Which process has a Process ID of 1? (PID = 1)_______________

b. What character do most processes have in the terminal column (tty)? _______________

c. What does this character in the terminal column indicate?_______________

d. Which user started most of these processes? _______________

e. Most processes that are displayed on the screen are started by a certain parent process indicated in the Parent Process ID column (PPID). Which process is the parent to most processes? _______________

Type q at the MORE prompt to quit.

4. At the command prompt, type ps –el | more and press Enter to view the process states for the first processes started on the entire Linux system.

5. Fill in the following information from the data displayed on the terminal screen after typing the command:

a. What character exists in the State (S) column for most processes, and what does this character indicate? _______________

b. What range of numbers is it possible to have in the Nice (NI) column? _______________

c. Which processes have the number 4 in the Flag (F) column, and what does this number indicate? _______________

Type q at the MORE prompt to quit.

6. At the command prompt, type ps –el | grep Z and press Enter to display zombie processes on your Linux system. Are there any zombie processes indicated in the State (S) column?

7. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.