Problem

Water at 80 °C flows through a 120-mm-diameter pipe with an average velocity of 2 m/s. I...

Water at 80 °C flows through a 120-mm-diameter pipe with an average velocity of 2 m/s. If the pipe wall roughness is small enough so that it does not protrude through the laminar sublayer, the pipe can be considered as smooth. Approximately what is the largest roughness allowed to classify this pipe as smooth?

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