You are asked to referee a grant application, which proposes to determine whether the ma...

You are asked to referee a grant application, which proposes to determine whether the magnetization of iron is due to “Ampère” dipoles (current loops) or “Gilbert” dipoles (separated magnetic monopoles). The experiment will involve a cylinder of iron (radius R and length L = 10R), uniformly magnetized along the direction of its axis. If the dipoles are Ampère-type, the magnetization is equivalent to a surface bound current if they are Gilbert-type, the magnetization is equivalent to surface monopole densities σ_b = ±M at the two ends. Unfortunately, these two configurations produce identical magnetic fields, at exterior points. However, the interior fields are radically different—in the first case B is in the same general direction as M, whereas in the second it is roughly opposite to M. The applicant proposes to measure this internal field by carving out a small cavity and finding the torque on a tiny compass needle placed inside. Assuming that the obvious technical difficulties can be overcome, and that the question itself is worthy of study, would you advise funding this experiment? If so, what shape cavity would you recommend? If not, what is wrong with the proposal? [Hint: Refer to Probs. 4.11, 4.16, 6.9, and 6.13.]

Reference prob 4.11

A short cylinder, of radius a and length L, carries a “frozen-in” uniform polarization P, parallel to its axis. Find the bound charge, and sketch the electric field (i) for L ≫ a, (ii) for L ≫ a, and (iii) for L ≈ a. [This is known as a bar electret; it is the electrical analog to a bar magnet. In practice, only very special materials—barium titanate is the most “familiar” example—will hold a permanent electric polarization. That’s why you can’t buy electrets at the toy store.]