a. Prove formula (2.1) for the number of bits in the binary representation of a positive...

a. Prove formula (2.1) for the number of bits in the binary representation of a positive decimal integer.

b. Prove the alternative formula for the number of bits in the binary representation of a positive integer n:

c. What would be the analogous formulas for the number of decimal digits?

d. Explain why, within the accepted analysis framework, it does not matter whether we use binary or decimal digits in measuring n’s size.