Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straightforward problems involving just one main concept and sometimes requiring no more than substitution of numbers in the appropriate formula. Two dots (••) identify problems that are slightly more challenging and usually involve more than one concept. Three dots (•••) indicate problems that are distinctly more challenging, either because they are intrinsically difficult or involve lengthy calculations. Needless to say, these distinctions are hard to draw and are only approximate.
• The K series of X-rays consists of photons emitted . when an electron drops from the nth Bohr orbit to the first (n → 1). (a) Use (5.33) to derive an expression for the wavelengths of the K series. [This will be approximate, since (5.33) ignores effects of screening.] (b) Find the wavelengths of the Ka, Kβ, and Kγ, lines (n = 2, 3, 4) of uranium. (For the atomic numbers of uranium and other elements, see the periodic table inside the back cover or the alphabetical lists in Appendix C.)
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