Acidity The acidity of a solution is measured by its pH, which is given by...

Acidity The acidity of a solution is measured by its pH, which is given by the formula

where measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter. The pH of pure water is 7. A solution is referred to as acidic if its pH is below 7 and as basic if its pH is above 7.

a. Calculate the pH of each of the following substances.

b. How many moles of hydrogen ions are contained in a liter of acid rain that has a pH of 5.0?

c. Complete the following sentence: If the pH of a solution increases by 1.0, then the concentration of hydrogen ions _________.