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Soap can be made by mixing animal or vegetable fat with a concentrated solution of lye and heating it in a large vat. Suppose that 3.24 kg vegetable fat is placed in a large iron vat and then 50.0 L water and 5.0 kg lye (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) are added. The vat is placed over a fire and heated for two hours, and soap forms.
(a) Classify each of the materials identified in the soapmaking process as a substance or a mixture. For each substance, indicate whether it is an element or a compound. For each mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
(b) Assuming that the fat and lye are completely converted into soap, what mass of soap is produced?
(c) What physical and chemical processes occur as the soap is made?
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