Describe Lewin’s concept of a field theory and tell how it was influenced by physics.
Field theory in psychology refers to, interaction patterns between an individual and their environment. This theory was developed by Kurt Lewin. Lewin being a psychologist was also trained in physics. Thus, the field theory in psychology reflects the concepts of physics.
Lewin’s training in physics led him to develop the concept of Field Theory. He proposed that psychological activity of a person occurs within the scope of his/her psychological field. This psychological field was referred to as the life space. The life space includes all the experiences of the past, present, and future, which affect an individual.
These experiences influence the behavior of a person. Hence, the life space includes the individual’s needs in interacting with the psychological environment. The developmental stage of an individual, determines the kind and amount experiences accumulated by him/her. Infants a few different regions in life space, as he lacks experience. Whereas, an adult will have a large number of differentiated regions.
Lewin adopted the topological maps, for representing his concept of psychological phenomenon. Lewin diagrammed all forms of psychological process and behavior using arrows. The arrows represented the direction of movement of the individual towards a goal.
The objects within the life space were given positive or negative values. Objects which attracted or satisfied the individual had positive valence. The threatening objects were given negative valence.