A. This is not the best answer. The section begins with a discussion of celebrities known for their substance abuse, but there is limited follow-up discussion of life change events or ability to cope with the stress of fame; less than one third of elderly alcoholics begin to drink in response to stressors.
B. This is the best answer. The criteria for dependence are stated in quantitative terms, variations in cohort effects suggest cultural attitudes toward substance use influence behavior outcomes, and treatment results with elderly alcoholics suggest that individuals have control if action is taken.
C. This is not the best answer. There is limited discussion of substance use as an adaptive mechanism.
D. This is not the best answer. The section has only an implied message that alcohol is used as an emotion-focused mechanism to feel better.
E. This is not the best answer. The section does not present a balanced explanation between models.