A Michelson interferometer is used to measure the refractive index of a gas. The gas is allowed to flow into an evacuated glass cell of length L placed in one arm of the interferometer. The wavelength is λ.
a. If N fringes are counted as the pressure in the cell changes from vacuum to atmospheric pressure, what is the index of refraction n in terms of N, λ, and L?
b. How many fringes would be counted if the gas were carbon dioxide (n = 1.00045) for a 10-cm cell length, using sodium light at 589 nm?
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