Texas Motor Speedway On Oct. 28, 2000 Gil de Ferran set the single-lap average speed record for the then-named California Speedway—241.428 mi/h. The following year, on April 29, 2001, the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) organization canceled the Texas Motor Speedway inaugural Firestone Firehawk 600 race 2 hours before it was to start. During practice, drivers became dizzy when they reached speeds of more than 230 mph on the high-banked track. The Texas Motor Speedway has turns banked at 24o above the horizontal. By comparison, the Indianapolis raceway turns are banked at 9o. Banking of 24o is unprecedented for Indy-style cars. In qualifying runs for the race, 21 of 25 drivers complained of dizziness and disorientation. They experienced accelerations of 5.5 g (5.5 times 9.8 m/s2) that lasted for several seconds. Such accelerations for such long time intervals have caused pilots to black out. Blood drains from their heads to their legs as they move in circles with their heads toward the center of the circle. CART felt that the track was unsafe for their drivers. The Texas Motor Speedway had tested the track with drivers before the race and thought it was safe. The Texas Motor Speedway sued CART.
For the racecars to stay on the road while traveling at high speed, how did a friction force need to be exerted?
(a) Parallel to the roadway and outward
(b) Parallel to the roadway and toward the infield
(c) Horizontally toward the center of the track
(d) Opposite the direction of motion
(e) None of the above
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