If the specific surface energy for aluminum oxide is 0.90 J/m2, then using data in Table 12.5, compute the critical stress required for the propagation of an internal crack of length 0.40 mm.
Table 12.5 Tabulation of Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture) and Modulus of Elasticity for Ten Common Ceramic Materials
| Flexural Strength |
| Modulus of Elasticity |
|
Material | MPa | ksi | GPa | 106 psi |
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) | 250–1000 | 35–145 | 304 | 44 |
Zirconiaa (ZrO2) | 800–1500 | 115–215 | 205 | 30 |
Silicon carbide (SiC) | 100–820 | 15–120 | 345 | 50 |
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) | 275–700 | 40–100 | 393 | 57 |
Glass-ceramic (Pyroceram) | 247 | 36 | 120 | 17 |
Mullite (3Al2O3–2SiO2) | 185 | 27 | 145 | 21 |
Spinel (MgAl2O4) | 110–245 | 16–35.5 | 260 | 38 |
Magnesium oxide (MgO) | 105b | 15b | 225 | 33 |
Fused silica (SiO2) | 110 | 16 | 73 | 11 |
Soda-lime glass | 69 | 10 | 69 | 10 |
aPartially stabilized with 3 mol% Y2O3.
bSintered and containing approximately 5% porosity.
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