a. Use annual cash flow analysis because O&M is already on an annual basis
b. Calculate A| p factor to be used for all three alternatives. Alternatively, use a table in an engineering economics textbook
c. Annual cost for connection to WTP
A = $1,500,000 (A| p, 0.06, 20) + $300,000
A = $1,500,000 (0.0872) + $300,000
A = $130,800.00 + $300,000
A = $430,800
d. Cost for membrane A
New capital cost = $2,374,000 + $500,000
= $ 2,874,000
A = $2,874,000 (A| p, 0.06, 20) + $209,000
A = $2,874,000 (0.0872) + $209,000
A = $250,612.80 + $209,000
A = $459,612.80 or $460,000
e. Annual cost for membrane B
New capital cost = $2,162,000 + $500,000
= $ 2,662,000
A = $2,662,000 (A| p, 0.06, 20) + $258,000
A = $2,662,000 (0.0872) + $258,000
A = $232,126.40 + $258,000
A = $490,126.40 or $490,000
f. Recommend connection to WTP as least cost