The following questions review the main ideas of this chapter. Write your answers to the questions and then refer to the pages listed by number to make certain that you have mastered these ideas.
Which methods always satisfy the quota rule? pg. 322 Which methods can violate the quota rule? pg. 322
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As we have seen, there are two general types of apportionment methods: quota methods and divisor methods. A quota method is any method for which each state’s apportionment is the standard quota either rounded up or rounded down. A divisor method is any method that requires the use of a divisor other than the standard divisor. Hamilton’s and Lowndes’ methods are quota methods, while Jefferson’s and Webster’s methods are divisor methods. It is often considered desirable to have each state’s apportionment equal the whole number just below or just above the state’s standard quota. As stated previously, a method that has this property is said to obey the quota rule. By definition, every quota method satisfies the quota rule. Interestingly, no divisor method can always satisfy the quota rule. Because the quota rule seems desirable, you might wonder why the Huntington– Hill method, a divisor method described in the Extended Problems, is currently used to apportion the seats in the House of Representatives. As we will see, there are serious problems with quota methods as well.
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