(a) Trouton’s rule states that the ratio of the molar heat of vaporization of a liquid (∆Hvap) to its boiling point in kelvins is approximately 90 J/K • mol. Use the following data to show that this is the case and explain why Trouton’s rule holds true:
| Tbp(°C) | ∆Hvap(kJ/mol) | |
Benzene | 80.1 | 31.0 | |
Hexane | 68.7 | 30.8 | |
| Mercury | 357 | 59.0 |
Toluene | 110.6 | 35.2 | |
(b) Use the values in Table 12.6 to calculate the same ratio for ethanol and water. Explain why Trouton's rule does not apply to these two substances as well as it does to other liquids.
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