The flow graphs in Figure P6.56 all have the same system function. Assume that the syste...

The flow graphs in Figure P6.56 all have the same system function. Assume that the systems in the figure are implemented using (B + 1)-bit fixed-point arithmetic in all the computations. Assume also that all products are rounded to (B + 1) bits before additions are performed.

(a) Draw linear-noise models for each of the systems in Figure P6.56.

(b) Two of the flow graphs in Figure P6.56 have the same total output noise power owing to arithmetic round-off. Without explicitly computing the output noise power, determine which two have the same output noise power.

(c) Determine the output noise power for each of the flow graphs in Figure P6.56. Express your answer in terms of , the power of a single source of round-off noise.