Consider Table 17–4. Discuss each group’s risk factors that are primarily a consequence of human choice. Pick one of these factors, and describe how you might proceed to bring it under control in an appropriate country.
TABLE 17-4 Ten Leading Selected Risk Factors as Percentage Causes of Disease Burden, Measured in DALYs*
Low-income countries | Percentage of total | DALYs (millions) |
Underweight | 9.9% | 82 |
Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene | 6.3% | 53 |
Unsafe sex | 6.2% | 52 |
Suboptimal breastfeeding | 4.1% | 34 |
Indoor smoke from solid fuels | 4.0% | 33 |
Vitamin A deficiency | 2.4% | 20 |
High blood pressure | 2.2% | 18 |
Alcohol use | 2.1% | 18 |
High blood glucose | 1.9% | 16 |
Zinc deficiency | 1.7% | 14 |
Middle-income countries | ||
Alcohol use | 7.6% | 44 |
High blood pressure | 5.4% | 31 |
Tobacco use | 5.4% | 31 |
Overweight and obesity | 3.6% | 21 |
High blood glucose | 3.4% | 20 |
Unsafe sex | 3.0% | 17 |
Physical inactivity | 2.7% | 16 |
High cholesterol | 2.5% | 14 |
Occupational risks | 2.3% | 14 |
Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene | 2.0% | 11 |
High-income countries | ||
Tobacco use | 10.7% | 13 |
Alcohol use | 6.7% | 8 |
Overweight and obesity | 6.5% | 8 |
High blood pressure | 6.1% | 7 |
High blood glucose | 4.9% | 6 |
Physical inactivity | 4.1% | 5 |
High cholesterol | 3.4% | 4 |
Illicit drugs | 2.1% | 3 |
Occupational risks | 1.5% | 2 |
Low fruit and vegetable intake | 1.3% | 2 |
*Disability-adjusted life years: one DALY = loss of one healthy year of a person’s life. Source: World Health Report, 2009. | ||
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