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+ For the CMOS logic family, the power consumption is proportional to the sum of the changes from 1-to-0 and 0-to-1 on all gate inputs and outputs in the circuit. When designing counters in very low-power circuits, ripple counters are preferred over regular synchronous binary counters. Carefully count the numbers of changing inputs and outputs, including those related to the clock for a complete cycle of values in a 4-bit ripple counter versus a regular synchronous counter of the same length. Based on this examination, explain why the ripple counter is superior in terms of power consumption.
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