Patients who have suffered from kidney stones often are advised to drink extra water to help prevent the formation of additional stones. An article on WebMD.com recommends drinking at least 3 quarts (2.84 L) of water every day—nearly 50 percent more than the amount recommended for healthy adults. How much energy must the body expend to warm this amount of water consumed at 10°C to body temperature (37°C)? How much more energy would have to be expended if the same quantity of water were consumed as ice at 0°C? ΔHfusfor water is 6.01 kJ/mol. Assume the density and specific heat of water are 1.00 g/cm3 and 4.184 J/g • °C. respectively, and that both quantities are independent of temperature.
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