Question

Nursing care plan on metabolic and endocrine systems.
1. Diagnostic studies/Labs and expected abnormalities for a patient with diabetes.
2. All NANDA Nursing Diagnoses for Diabetic patient.
3. Develop 3 NANDA pririority nursing diagnosis for a patient with diabetes.
4. State patient goals/plan.
5. Expected assessment findings.
6. what are the scientific rationale for interventions.

Answer 1

There are tests diagnosing diabetes mellitus include fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurement, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and standardized hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) assays . FPG and OGTT tests are sensitive but measure glucose levels only in the short term, require fasting or glucose loading, and give variable results during stress and illness.HbA1c assays reliably estimate average glucose levels over a longer term (2 to 3 months), do not require fasting or glucose loading, and have less chance during stress and illness. In addition, HbA1c assays are more specific for identifying individuals at increased risk for diabetes. Clinically significant glucose and HbA1c levels are shown The American Diabetes Association® (ADA) recommends using these values for diagnosing diabetes and increased diabetes risk (prediabetes).

NANDA Diagnosis for Diabetic patients

Imbalanced nutritional status related to redction of carbohydrate metabolism due to insulin deficiency and inadequate intake of food due to nausea and vomiting

Fluid volume deficit related to polyuria /Hyperglycemia

Activity intolerance related related to weakness due to decreased energy production

Anxiety related to lack of knowledge on diabetic management.

Dietary management is very important for the diabetic patients,There should be balanced diet with required carbs,proteins and fats,vitamins & minerals.patient should be educated on proper diet,unsaturated foods to be avoided,should reduce the intake of spicy and oily foods.

patients should be educated on foot care as there is complication of diabetic foot.should wear slipper while walking and protect them from extreme cold and heat.

Diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy are also other complications of increased blood sugar(hyperglycemia).the patient should be educated on the importance of controlling blood sugars.

Physcal activity helps in reducing the sugars while the patient spends energy on the activity.

Stress is also a factor that increases sugars,educate the patient to practice stress relaxation techniques.

the ultimate goal is to control the sugars with food and activity as it heals 50% of the problem,the other thing can depend on medications.