Question

Questions I a) What is osmosis? b) What is dialysis? Can MgSO4 pass through? Explain. 2. Can starch pass through a dialyzing membrane? (Support your claim with evidence from the experiment.) 3. Explain why people who are adrift in a lifeboat without a supply of fresh water are advised not to drink ocean water. note - Ocean water is saltier than body fluids like blood plasma. 4. In terms of osmosis, what happens when fresh water is inhaled into a person's lungs? (Lung tissue is a semipermeable membrane.) 5. When osmosis occurs, water flows from a "hypotonic solution into a "hypertonic" solution. If no osmosis occurs, the solutions are called "isotonic." Circle the hypertonic solutions below. a) 20% sucrose vs, tap water c) blood vs. sea water b) fears (a body fluid) vs. rain water d) 0.3 M MgCl2 vs. 0.4 M NaCl 6. A solution of 0.30 M glucose is "isotonic" with body fluids (no osmosis occurs). Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 0.30 M glucose solution at body temperature of 37° Celsius. Given: Osmotic pressure, nMRT, where n=1, M-molarity and R = 0.0821 liter atm/mole K. 7. Which of the following solutions is isotonic (no osmosis) with a 0.30 M NANO, solution? {hint - Find the osmosis molarity or "osmolarity" - ( ions)M} a) 0.10 M CaCl2 b) 0.30 M glucose c) 0.60 M NaCl d) 0.15 M AICI, e) 0.75 M KCI (n-1 for glucose) 8. If a solution of 0.20 M Mg(NO3), is separated from a 0.25 M KCl solution by a membrane that is permeable to water, osmosis will occur. Describe the osmotic flow. (What is flowing? In which direction)

Answer 1

1. a)

Osmosis

Osmosis is the process by which the solvent particles or molecules moves from a less concentrated region into a more concentrated region through a semi-permeable membrane.

When two solutions of the same compound but different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, then the solvent in the less concentration solution moves into the solutions of the more concentration. This movement of solvent particles is to make the more concentrated solution dilute.

This is a natural phenomenon that occur in plants and animals. The cell membrane or plasma membrane acts as semi-permeable membrane.

b) Dialysis

Dialysis is the process of removing excess amounts of water, solutes and toxins present in the blood of patients who are suffering with kidney failure.

This is a very common process which the kidney failure patients usually undergo. In this process dialysis machine is used to separate the blood from all the toxins and excess solutes as the kidneys of such patients unable to do this process.