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5:02 Back Case Study 3, edited.docx Assume that the prevalence rate of smoking in GlIE is 30% and that 25% of the members are obese (and only 20% of obese members are physically active) Assume that the 10-year incidence rate of CHD is 50 per 1,000 for both nonsmokers and those who are not obese (the healthy members); 100 per 1,000 for smokers, 175 per 1,000 for those who are obese and physically inactive, and 100 per 1,000 for those who are obese and physically active. Assume that the average cost of being hospitalized with CHD is about $75,000 and that patients with CHD have a 20% annual risk of being hospitalized. Further assume that each CHD member visits a physician once a year for CHD, with an average cost of S150/visit 1. Of the 100,000 members of GHE, how many smoked, are obese and physically active, and are obese and physically inactive 2. For those who do not smoke or are not obese, what is the risk of developing CHD over the 10-year period? 3. For those who smoke or are obese, what is the risk of developing CHD over the 10-year period? What is the additional CHD risk for being either a smoker or obese? This is calculated as the difference in rates of CHD (smoker-healthy group; or obese-healthy group). 5. By comparing the 10-year CHD incidence rates of either smokers or obese GHE members to those without either of those conditions (one rate/the other rate), how many times more likely is CHD among those who either smoke or are obese compared to members who do not smoke or are not obese? 6. Of the members who smoke, (1) how many should develop CHD over the 10-year period, (2) how many would have developed CHD even if they had not smoked, and (3) how much CHD among these members could be directly attributed to smoking? 7. Of the members who are obese and physically inactive, (1) how many should develop CHD over the 10-year period (2) how many would have developed CHD even if they were not obese, and (3) how much CHD among these members could be directly attributed to obesity? 8. Of the members who are obese and physically active, () how many should develop CHD over the 10-year period, (2) how many would have developed CHD even if they were not obese, and (3) how much CHD among these members could be directly attributed to obesity? 9. What would the additional costs incurred by members who developed CHD? (use 5 members each year with CHD as an example) Calendar To Do Inbox

Answer 1

2 possible risk factors which could develop in a person who does not smoke or are not obese are high blood pressure, heart attack, damage to a heart valve or a history of murmur, family history of an enlarged heart and diabetes .These are the predispsing factors which contribute to the development of CHD.

3Cigarette smoking can raise the risk if CHD. First the nicotine in the smoke increases both heart rate and blood pressure. Second smoking increases the stickiness of the platelet in your blood, increasing the likelihood of clotting and raising the risk of heart attack.

5 .Five times more chance of getting CHD in a smoker compared to a non smoker.