Question

Write memo on (immunity and the lymphatic system)

Action Items:

Play this week’s games to familiarize yourself with the prefixes, suffixes, and word roots related to this week’s topic.

Imagine you are an official in a hospital or public health agency.

Write a memo, at least 350 words in length, to a fictional colleague in which you use 5 words from the Summary Tables in this week’s chapters.

Be sure to use the words in such a way that it is clear to the reader that you know the exact meaning of each of the 5 words.

Ues these word:

•diagnosis,•percussion.•acute,•stethoscope•ultrasonography.•prognosis,•etiology,•immunity,•phagocytosis,•prophylactic,•lymphatic,•lymphocyte.

Answer 1

The Immune System

The immune system incorporates an assortment of barriers against infections, microscopic organisms, contagious contaminations, and parasites, (for example, string worms). The lympatic framework is a piece of the more extensive Immune System.

Innate Immune system

These are the non-particular, perpetual lines of barriers which include:

Physical and synthetic boundaries to pathogens.

Delivering cytokines and other compound variables to enroll resistant cells to locales of disease.

Enacts the supplement course to distinguish microscopic organisms, actuate cells and to advance leeway of dead cells or immune response buildings.

Recognizes and evacuates remote substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by particular white platelets.

Enactment of the versatile safe framework, through a procedure known as antigen introduction.

Adaptive immune system

Adaptive (or acquired) immunity is where immunological memory is made after an initial response to a new pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to future exposure to that same pathogen. This procedure of obtained resistance is the premise of inoculation. This is fundamental since microscopic organisms and infections are ceaselessly adjusting and advancing in a 'weapons contest' with our resistant frameworks. Highlights of the versatile insusceptible framework include:

Recognition of specific "non-self" antigens, during the process of antigen presentation.

The generation of responses tailored to destroy specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells.

Cells of the Immune System

There are many different cell types and sub-types involved in the immune system. Some of the main types include:

Lymphocytes: are white cells which circulate between blood and lymph. They play an important role in fighting infection. There are many kinds of lymphocytes; the main types are T cells, B cells and natural killer cells.

Neutrophils: Is the most abundant type of white blood cells and is an important part of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte (cells which engulf and then digest cellular debris and pathogens).

The lymphatic system

The key functions of the lymphatic system:

Drains overabundance liquids and proteins from tissues all around the body and returns them once again into the circulation system.Removes waste products produced by cells.

Fights infections.

Absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and transports these into the bloodstream.

Components of the lymphatic system

Lymph

Lymph is a liquid that courses all through the body in the lymphatic framework. It shapes when tissue liquids/blood plasma (generally water, with proteins and other broke down substances) deplete into the lymphatic framework.

It contains a high number of lymphocytes (white cells that fight infection). Lymph that forms in the digestive system called chyle, this contains higher levels of fats, and looks milky white.

Lymph vessels

Walled, valved structures that carry lymph around the body

Lymph nodes

Small bean-shaped glands that produce lymphocytes, filter harmful substances from the tissues, and contain macrophages, which are cells that digest cellular debris, pathogens and other foreign substances.

Suffixes, and prefixes

Most medical terms are comprised of a root word plus a suffix (word ending) and/or a prefix (beginning of the word). Here are some examples related to the Lymphatic and Immune systems. For more details see Chapter 4: Understanding the Components of Medical Terminology

component meaning example Aden(o)- gland Lymphadenopathy - disease of, or swelling/enlarged lymph nodes immune(o)- Immunity Immunosuppressant = reduced activation or efficacy of the immune system lymph(o)- Lymph Lymphoma = tumor of lymphoid cells lymph den(o)- lymph node Lymphadenectomy = surgical removal of lymph node(s) lymphangi(o)- lymphatic vessels Lymphangitis = inflammation or infection of the lymphatic vessels spleen(o)- spleen Splenomegaly = enlargement of the spleen thym(o)- thymus Thymectomy = surgical removal of the thymus tox(o)- poison Immunotoxicity = adverse effects on immune system function resulting from exposure to chemical substances.