Question

select the right answer

QUESTION : glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because :

1) glucose is used up by the metabolising nephron units

2) glucose cannot be filtered

3) glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea

4) all filtered glucose is reabsored

QUESTION : an elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of :

1) urinary retention

2) urinary bladder infection

3) renal calculi

4) declining renal fuction

QUESTION : a Diuretic :

1) causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine

2) stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries

3) causes hyperglycemia

4) blocks the effects of PTH

QUESTION : which of the following words best describes the function of urinary bladder?

1) buffering of H+

2) storage

3) reabsorption

4) filtration

QUESTION : The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of :

1) renin

2) water

3) bicarbonate

4) albumin

Answer 1

1) Glucose is the chief source of energy for the entire functioning of the body. Carbohydrates metabolized to form monosaccharide compound glucose. Normally the kidney filters the blood through glomeruli. Glomerular filtration is the first initial step in urine formation. Kidneys filter excess fluid and the waste products from the blood and excrete it in urine. The metabolic waste products eliminated through kidneys are urea and creatinine. Glucose is filtered by glomerulus in Bowman's capsule. In proximal convoluted tubule all filtered glucose will be reabsorbed bask into the blood. Glucose will excrete in urine when there is excess increase in blood glucose level.

2) Creatinine is a waste produce forms as a result of chemical waste product generated from muscle waste. It is usually eliminated from kidneys. Any kidney diseases that result in the inability of the kidneys to excrete waste products. Normal serum creatinine level ranges from 0.6-1.1 mg/dl. Elevated creatinine level indicates declining of renal function.

3) Diuretic is termed as water pills helps to increase the excretion of water and sodium in the urine. Diuretics increase urine output. Diuretics are of three types namely loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics and potassium sparing diuretics.

4) Urinary bladder a muscular sac located inside the pelvis. It stores urine, a triangular area called trigone formed three openings in floor of urinary bladder. The capacity of urinary bladder ranges from 400-600 ml.

5) The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of water. Sodium and water is regulated by the endocrine system. Anti diuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.