Question

Post-Lab Report Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves

1. What is liquid-liquid extraction? Explain its principle and show illustrations. 2. What are alkaloids and xanthines? 3. Aside from being a natural stimulant, what are the other effects of caffeine in the human body? 4. What are tannins? What are the manifestations of tannins in tea?

Answer 1

③ Liquid - Liquid extraction (LLE) also known as solvent extraction and partitioning is a method to separate metal complexes, based on their relative solubilites in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non - polar). There is a met transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase , in general, from aqueous to organic. The solute solvent that is enriched in solute (s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted is solute (s) is called the raffinate. A Principle → LLE is based on the principle that a solute or an analyle can distribute itself in a certain ratio between two immiscible solvents, usually water aqueous phase) and organic solvent (organic phase). This allows the isolation of single components from a mixture

of seven It is used for extraction metal such as : 0 Cobalt Copper Nickel Palladium & Platinum etc. It is also used for extraction of caffeine from tea leaves : Also used for purification of DNA from a sample for many modern biotechnology procenter containing bases. This Alkaloids Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic , nitrogen- also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Alkaloids are primarily found in plants as well as but they are also found in humans, bacteria, fungi, etc.

In addition to carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen , they may also contain oxygen sulfus and rarely, other elements such as chlorine, boomine and phosphorus. Tea leaves such as contains alkaloids soff caffeine Xanthines Xanthine is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. Xanthines (derivatives of xanthine) are mainly involved in catabolic reactions of nucleotides and nucleic acids. Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline I theobromine and caffeine are widely found in tea, coffee, etc. Methyl panthines are produed produced by limited number of plant species, Line, tea, coffee and cacao.

6 Caffeine is the most commonle pihopath peychoactive drug the world! a) It makes us feel alert. Dur brains naturally produces a molecule called adenosine from the time we wake up till the till we go to sleep. Caffeine hijacks this natural per the Chain. It process by mimicking adenosine latches onto the receptors designed for adenosine, pushing them s of the way. As a result, we're ! left feeling more alert and awake. b) It boosts our mood - By blocking adenosine's relaxing effects dopamine and glutamine sun wild making us more alert and less bored lets dopamd effects, caffeine ge OPP on M Sur Caffeine levels. pumps up our adrenaline

d. Improves our memory - Caffeine has been shown to improve certain types of memory, especially the ability to remember list of words and Atraightforward information, e) Caffeine helps certain medicines work relieving faster, eg., pain medications like acetaminophen.

6 Tannies are water soluble polyphenols that are present in many plant foods! Their odecules are typically much larger than those found in other types of polyphenats and they easily combine with other molecules such as proteine and minerals. Manifestions of tannis in tear a) Epigalocatechin gallate - Found in green tea. 6 The aflavins and Thearubigins. - High levels in black tea . © Ellagitannin Certain tannins present in tea may help ih prevent disease and provide antioxidant and anti- inflammatory benefits. Tannins have several downsides as well including reduced ison absorption , el.