Question

45. Describe the cause, signs, symptoms, nursing interventions and treatment for each of the following d) gestational diabetes e) oligohydramnios f) polyhydramnios
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Answer 1

Answer: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition in pregnant women where there is high blood sugar and caused by not enough insulin in the setting of insulin resistance. The symptoms include excessive hunger, excessive thirst, or fatigue or frequent urination. The treatment consist of anti-diabetic medication which controls the blood sugar level and insulin. Eating the right kinds of food in healthy portions is one of the best ways to control blood sugar and prevent too much weight gain.

Oligohydramnios is a condition in pregnancy where is deficiency of amniotic fluid. The cause of Oligohydramnios are uteroplacental insufficiency, drugs, fetal abnormalities, or premature rupture of membranes. It includes the symptoms such as rapid growth of the uterus, abdominal discomfort, leaking of the amniotic fluid etc. The treatment involves the introduction of amnio-infusion during labor through an intrauterine catheter or injecting fluid prior to delivery through amniocentesis.

Polyhydramnios is a condition where an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, it is just opposite of Oligohydramnios. This may cause premature rupture of membranes, umbilical cord prolapse etc. The symptoms are shortness of breath or the inability to breathe, fetal malposition, such as breech presentation etc. The treatment includes amniocentesis to drain excess amniotic fluid from uterus and indomethacin (Indocin) to help reduce fetal urine production and amniotic fluid volume.