Question

45. Describe the cause, signs, symptoms, nursing interventions and treatment for each of the following: a) pre-eclampsia b) eclampsia c) pregnancy induced hypertension d) gestational diabetes e) oligohydramnios f) polyhydramnios

Answer 1

A, preeclampsia:

Causes:

Insufficient blood flow to the uterus, damage to the blood vessels, less immune system, genes abnormalities

Signs and symptoms:

Proteinuria, changes in vision, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, low urine output, less platelet in blood, impaired liver function, shortness of breath

Nursing intervention:

Advice patient to take adequate rest

Early hospitalization must to perform regular nonstress tests..

Patient will have fear about complications and delivery..advice about patient condition, and precautions

Advice to have family or friends always with them

Advice if they have any abnormal symptoms must consult the doctor immediately

Advice not to lift heavy things

Treatment:

Antihypertensive medication

Corticosteroids

Anticonvulsant medication

Bed rest

B, eclampsia

Causes:

Blood vessels abnormalities

Neurological factors

Diet and genes

Signs and symptoms:

High blood pressure, swelling of face, hands, headache, nausea and vomiting, vision changes, difficult urination, seizures, loss of conscious, agitation

Treatment:

Delivery is the first option as per maturity of the baby

Antihypertensive medication

Corticosteroids

Anticonvulsant medication

Nursing intervention:

Advice to check blood pressure daily

Advice to come for weekly fetal nonstress tests..

24 hours protein measurements

Weekly CBC, LFT and serum creatinine checkup

Every three weeks ultrasound check up to see the baby maturity

Pregnancy- induced hypertension:

Causes:

Family history, multiple babies, teenage and woman age more than 50yrs , history of high blood pressure and Kinsey disease..

Signs and symptoms:

Weight gain, high blood pressure, protein in the urine, swelling of feet and face, abdominal pain, headache, blood in the urine, dizziness, vomiting and nausea

Treatment:

Antihypertensive medication

Nursing intervention:

Advice Patient to reduce the salt intake

Advice to continue medication timely

Check blood pressure daily once

Complete rest

Provide emotional support

Advice if there is any abnormal symptoms should meet the doctor immediately..