Question

CHAPTER 13 - CRITICAL THINKING A 10-year-old premenarchal girl presents to the emergency department with an episode of syncope She has been feeling progressively more tired for the last week, and her mother noticed that she was pale. The girl has had intermittent headaches but no complaints of palpitations, weight loss abdominal pain, or rectal bleeding Her diet consists of vegetables and meat. She is taking oral ron supplements because she presented with similar symptoms 4 months ago and was found to have severe anemia (hemoglobin of 4.9 g/dL 149.0 OLD. Give definitions for the below types of anemia Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia Aplastic anemia Haemolytic anemia Sickle cell anemia Pernicious anemia Fanconi anemia CHAPTER 14 - CRITICAL THINKING Rosa has been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She recognizes that this is one of the disorders that is referred to as an autoimmune disorder. Give definitions for the below autoimmune disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Multiple sclerosis (MS) Guillain-Barre syndrome Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Psoriasis

Answer 1

chapter 13

Definitions of:

1. Iron deficiency anemia: is a nutritional disorder where the decrease in hemoglobin occurs due to the deficiency of iron in the body. Hemoglobin is responsible for the oxygen transport.

2. Thalassemia: is a disorder of the blood which is inherited in the family and the body makes abnormal form or inadequate amount of hemoglobin.

3. Aplastic anemia: is an autoimmune condition where the body fails to produce sufficient red blood cells.

4. Hemolytic anemia: The condition in which the red blood cells are fast destroyed (hemolysed) than it is produced.

5. Sickle cell anemia:It is the genetic disease and anemia occurs due to distorted and mutated hemoglobin form causing the RBC to a crescent shape.

6. Pernicious anemia: The deficiency in the RBC production occurs due to lack of Vitamin B12 is called Pernicious anemia.

7. Fanconi anemia: The genetic disease causing bone marrow failure in the production of all types of blood cells, causing anemia is called Fanconi anemia.

Chapter 14

1. Rheumatoid arthritis: is a chronic autoimmune progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility.

2. Systemic lupus erythematosus; is a chronic inflammatory condition causing the body’s defense to attack the body itself. It can affect many organs like joints, lungs, kidney, heart, skin etc.

3. Inflammatory bowel disease: The group of chronic intestinal diseases causing inflammation of bowel is called IBD. The most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.

4. Multiple schlerosis: is an immune mediated process in which the central nervous system gets affected by the body’s immune system. The immune system damages the myelin covering of the neurons and the neurons , causing transmission between neurons ineffective.

5. Guillain barre syndrome: is a rare acute autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks peripheral nervous system causing ascending muscular weakness and paralysis.

6. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy: is a rare disorder of the nervous system causing inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the nerves.

7. Psoriasis: is an autoimmune skin disorder speeding up the lifecycle of skin cells, characterized by patches of scaly and abnormal skin.