We know that the acceleration is given by
a = change in velocity/ change in time = dv/dt
integrating both side
-------------(1)
Now we know that
v = dx /dt
On integration we get
-----------------(2)
(1) Initial velocity (u) = 16 m/s
acceleration (a) = 0.86g = 0.86*10 = 8.6 m/s2
Distance covered(s) = 5 m
Now for the final velocity first we will use the equation 2
s = ut +(1/2)at2
5 = 16*t +(1/2)*8.6*t2
On solving we get
t = 0.289 s
Now using the equation 1
V = u +at
V = 16 +8.6*(0.289) = 18.49 m/s
Hence the final speed when it passes position 2 will be 18.485
m/s
(2) We have already calculated the time taken i.e 0.289 s
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