Question

CASE STUDY C Emphysema Mr. C.Y., age 71, has had significant emphysema for 6 years. He has reduced his cigarette smoking since mild congestive heart failure was diagnosed (right-sided heart failure; refer to Chapter 12). He has been admitted to the hospital with a suspected closed pneumothorax and respiratory failure. 1. Describe the pathophysiologic changes in the lungs with emphysema, and explain how these affect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood 2. Explain the possible role of smoking in Mr. C.Y's case and its general effects on respiratory function (consider effects on cardiovascular function also). 3. What significant characteristics related to emphysema and heart failure would you expect to observe in Mr. C.Y.? 4. Explain how a pneumothorax has probably occurred in the presence of emphysema. 5. Explain how a pneumothorax has precipitated respiratory failure, using the effects on lung function and gas exchange in your answer. Include the criteria for respiratory failure. 6. Explain why caution must be exercised in administering oxygen to Mr. C.Y 7. Mr. C.Y. is resting quietly. Suggest three complications of immobility that could develop in Mr. C.Y. and one preventive measure that could be taken for each. 8. Explain how congestive heart failure develops from emphysema. 9. Describe respiratory therapy that might be helpful to Mr. C.Y With aggressive treatment, Mr. C.Y. recovered and returned adequate nutrition and hydration at home. this case. home. 10. Suggest some reasons why Mr. C. . may not receive 11. Suggest other support measures that would be useful in

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In this case is of a 71 years of age man. He experienced emphysema for a long time . He has halted cigarette smoking after gentle heart disappointment. He has been conceded in healing center with a pneumothorax and respiratory disappointment.

Idleness diminishes the stream of the blood. It increment the outstanding task at hand of the heart.

In emphysema, alveolar dividers and septae are destructed. This for all time blows up the alveolar air spaces. The pneumonic vessels and versatile strands are lost. The ventilation-perfusion proportion likewise gets modified. The level of carbon dioxide increments and oxygen diminishes.

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