Question

Identify locations in the body where the pathogen is absorbed. 2 Identify the accepted mode of disease transmission and related epidemiologic implications. 3 4. List the various names by which polio has been known.

Answer 1

1) Polio is a communicable disease caused by polio virus , a group of Enterovirus. Polio is normally transmitted in the environment through infected patient. The polio virus enters into human host through mouth , normally in a healthy individuals IgA antibodies against the strains of polio virus are present in the tonsils and GI tract. This helps to inhibit replication of polio virus. In case of vulnerable group like elderly people, children, person with immune compromise illness infected by polio virus.

Once the virus enters in to host it reaches intestinal tract and viral RNA starts replicating and produces more count of polio virus into the blood stream.

Polio virus crosses Blood brain barrier and results in neuronal degeneration and end up with encephalitis.

2) The mode of transmission of polio virus are : Feco oral route : spreading of virus from contaminated feces due to poor hygiene and improper hand hygienic measures. The best epidemiological measure to prevent polio is by ensuring good hygienic measures. Polio vaccination awareness to be created in community. Targeting infant in vaccination schedule, imbibe positive attitude among people in community in eradicating polio.

3) The synonyms of polio are Abortive polio, paralytic polio, Bulbar poliomyelitis, Polio encephalitis. This classification is done on the basis of areas affected by polio infection.

Abortive polio doesn't lead to paralysis . Paralytic polio results in paralysis,hyperthermia and is a severe form of illness. Bulbar polio disturbs neurons resulting in breathing difficulty, visual disturbances and gustatory (taste) disturbances.