Question

Topic is AIDS
1.) Where in the body (what tissues, organ, cells) does the AIDS pathogen affect?

2.) What damage does the pathogen inflict?

3.) How is this damage inflicted? Is there direct chemical damage? Is it a toxin produced? Does the immune system response cause damage?

4.) What is the time sequence of the disease (length of incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, and convalescence?

5.) What are the major signs and symptoms?

Answer 1

ANSWER:-

1) once AIDS pathogen means HIV virus enters the body it affect by directly attacking immune system. specifically affect immune cell known as CD4 helper or T cell.

2) AIDS pathogens destroys CD4 and T cell of immune system thus it become harder to fight off other infection.

3) HIV cannot replicate on its own, so in order to make new copies of itself, it must infect cells of the human immune system, called CD4 cells. CD4 cells are white blood cells that play a central role in responding to infections in the body. Over time, CD4 cells are killed by HIV and the body’s ability to recognise and fight some types of infection begins to decline. If HIV is not controlled by treatment, the loss of CD4 cells leads to the development of serious illnesses, or ‘opportunistic infections’. In people with normal CD4 cell levels, these infections would be recognised and cleared by the immune system.

4) There are three stages of HIV infection:

1. Acute HIV Infection
   Acute HIV infection is the earliest stage of HIV infection, and it generally develops within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV. During this time, some people have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash. In the acute stage of infection, HIV multiplies rapidly and spreads throughout the body.
2. 
   
3. Chronic HIV Infection
   The second stage of HIV infection is chronic HIV infection (also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency). During this stage, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic HIV infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms. Without ART, chronic HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 years or longer.
4. AIDS
   AIDS is the final, most severe stage of HIV infection. Because HIV has severely damaged the immune system, the body can’t fight off opportunistic infections. People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS if they have a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm^3.

5) Symptoms of AIDS can include:

• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
• Pneumonia
• Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
• Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders