Question

for the disease measles

1) does the disease affect the body

2) what is the process of the immune response to measeles.

Answer 1

1. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the rubeola virus. Measles is transmitted via droplets from the nose, mouth or throat of infected persons. It affects various parts of the body. Initial symptoms, which usually appear 10–12 days after infection, include high fever, a runny nose, bloodshot eyes, and tiny white spots on the inside of the mouth. Several days later, a rash develops, starting on the face and upper neck and gradually spreading downwards. The most serious complications include blindness, encephalitis (an infection that causes brain swelling), severe diarrhoea and related dehydration, and severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia and it can be fatal.

2. Fever and rash--are associated with the immune response to measles infection and are coincident with virus clearance. Measles virus (MeV) infection does not induce type 1 interferons, but leads to production of cytokines and chemokines associated with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling and activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome. The rash is a manifestation of the MeV-specific type 1 CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell adaptive immune response with lymphocyte infiltration into tissue sites of MeV replication and coincides with clearance of infectious virus.