Question

QUESTION 1

Human microbiota resides in the       

	a.	intestines.
	b.	kidneys.
	c.	liver.
	d.	cerebral spinal fluid.

5 points   

QUESTION 2

The entry, establishment, and multiplication of a pathogen is

	a.	inflammation.
	b.	a disease.
	c.	infection.
	d.	exposure.

5 points   

QUESTION 3

Indirect methods of disease transmission include

	a.	sneezing.
	b.	eating contaminated food.
	c.	coughing.
	d.	shaking hands.

5 points   

QUESTION 4

For an infection to be established, the host must

	a.	create a portal of entry.
	b.	be ill.
	c.	take an infectious dose.
	d.	have tissue damage.

5 points   

QUESTION 5

Endotoxins are released when

	a.	the host is injured.
	b.	an infection occurs.
	c.	a portal of entry is used.
	d.	a gram-negative bacterium disintegrates.

5 points   

QUESTION 6

What are the host cells for HIV?

	a.	Cytotoxic T cells.
	b.	B-cells.
	c.	Plasma cells.
	d.	Helper T-cells.

5 points   

QUESTION 7

True or False? Stomach acid destroys microbes.

True

False

5 points   

QUESTION 8

All the following apply to endotoxins except

	a.	they are composed exclusively of protein.
	b.	they are part of the bacterial cell wall.
	c.	they are present in Gram-negative bacteria.
	d.	they often damage the circulatory system.
	e.	they are released upon disintegration of the parasite.

5 points   

QUESTION 9

True or False? Phagocytosis is a form of specific resistance in the body.

True

False

5 points   

QUESTION 10

Which one of the following is NOT part of the normal human microbiota?

	a.	Lacotbacillus.
	b.	Candida.
	c.	Clostridium.
	d.	Escherichia.

5 points   

QUESTION 11

A newborn__________.

	a.	contains microbial community before birth.
	b.	remains sterile for many weeks after birth.
	c.	becomes colonized soon after conception.
	d.	is colonized with many common microbes within minutes after birth.

5 points   

QUESTION 12

If a person has recovered from a disease but continues to shed disease agents, that person is a ________________.

	a.	vector.
	b.	carrier.
	c.	fomite.
	d.	vehicle.

5 points   

QUESTION 13

An example of opportunistic organisms are those that

	a.	cause typhoid fever.
	b.	inhabit the intestine but are incapable of causing disease.
	c.	convert sugar to alcohol.
	d.	inhabit the lungs and other organs and cause disease when body defenses are suppressed.
	e.	require an intermediary host.

5 points   

QUESTION 14

The relationship between the body and its normal microflora

	a.	always leads to parasitism.
	b.	is never beneficial to either.
	c.	always results in death to the body.
	d.	generally has a negative tone.
	e.	is an example of a symbiosis.

5 points   

QUESTION 15

The organisms that infect individuals with AIDS

	a.	are always viruses.
	b.	are all known to be serious pathogens.
	c.	are examples of opportunistic organisms.
	d.	have a high degree of virulence.
	e.	produce exotoxins as well as endotoxins.

5 points   

QUESTION 16

An inanimate object that carries disease organisms is called a(n)

	a.	carrier.
	b.	fomite.
	c.	reservoir.
	d.	object of virulence.
	e.	vector.

5 points   

QUESTION 17

The cell which emerges from the thymus gland

	a.	produces antitoxins.
	b.	localizes in the skin tissues.
	c.	becomes a plasma cell.
	d.	is responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
	e.	produces antibodies.

5 points   

QUESTION 18

All the following are possible antigens except

	a.	components of bacterial flagella.
	b.	hemoglobin molecules.
	c.	polysaccharides from bacterial capsules.
	d.	milk proteins.
	e.	glucose molecules.

5 points   

QUESTION 19

During cell-mediated immunity the destruction of infected cells is brought about by

                                                                                                                     

	a.	plasma cells stimulated by antigens.
	b.	phagocytes such as macrophages.
	c.	antibodies produced by helper T-lymphocytes.
	d.	cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
	e.	MHC proteins attached to plasma cells.

5 points   

QUESTION 20

All the following apply to plasma cells except

	a.	they live for about four to five days.
	b.	they actively produce lymphokines.
	c.	they have no cell-surface receptors.
	d.	they are large, highly complex cells.
	e.	they are derived from B-lymphocytes.

Answer 1

1. a. intestines

2. c. infection

3. b. eating contaminated food

4. a. create a portal of entry

5. d. a gram-negative bacterium disintegrates

6. d. Helper T-cells

7. True

8. a. they are composed exclusively of protein.

9. False

10. c. Clostridium