Question

need 35-41 asap!!

35. Which of the following is true about complement? a. The activation of complement ends in the lysis of bacterial cells. b. They are a set of proteins in blood, lymph and extracellular fluid c. They attack the membrane of bacterial cells. d. all of the above 36. Which of the following produces antibodies? a. memory cells c. liver cells b. T cells d. plasma cells 37. Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against a. viruses. c. fungi. b. bacteria d. protozoa 38. What are the two types of antigen presenting cells? a. lymphocytes and macrophages c. B cell and T cells b. macrophages and dendritic cells d. dendritic cells and red blood cells 39. What are secreted proteins that kill host cells in low concentrations? a. toxoid c. antitoxin b. exotoxins d. endotoxins 40. Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to a. viral infections. c. fungal infections. b. protozoan infections. d. helminthic infections. Short Answer Answer 5 of the 6 questions. If you answer more than 5, only the first 5 will be graded. worth 4 points each. 41. Why are monoclonal antibodies used in diagnostic testing?

Answer 1

Answers

Question 35: Option a - All of the above

Explanation: All the given comments are true in the case of complement system. Mainly this system containing plasma proteins helps lysis the bacteria by the membrane disruption.

Question 36: Option d- plasma cells

Explanation: plasma cells are B cells that produce antibodies when there is any antigen or foreign particle.

Question 37: Option b -bacteria

Explanation: Most of the infection are caused by the bacteria and there are several antimicrobial agenst to kill or prevent them. Most of the antimicrobial agents are thus effective against bacteria only.

Question 38: Option b- macrophages and dendritic cells

Explanation: There are three antigen presenting cells such as B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Among this options b has two antigen presenting cells together.

Question 39: Option b : exotoxins

Explanation: Exotoxins are bacteria producing toxins which cause damage to the host cell.

Question 40: Option A: viral infection

Explanation: Viral infections are responsible for the cytopathic effects in the cells.

Question 41 :

• Monoclonal antibodies mainly used in the experiments done in animals or animal disease diagnosis. Because they give the antigenic characterisation of the pathogens.
• Monoclonal antibody has good feature such as they are produce unlimited and also high affinity to the antigen. This two features are the reason for major part of monoclonal antibody (MAbs) in diagnosis.

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